Huntington's disease (tremor = involuntary writhing movements) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder characterized by affective and personality changes, forgetfulness, and most prominently, motor symptoms such as incoordination, clumsiness, and at the end of involuntary jerky movements. Parkinson's disease is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremor, involuntary movements, akinesia (slowed movement, emotionless voice, blank facial expression), posture and balance disorders, and often depression.
Tricyclics (eg, imipramine [Tofranil], clomipramine [Anafranil], amitriptyline [Elavil]) are antidepressants that work by blocking norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapses, and serve not only to treat depression, panic attacks, OCD, bulimia, chronic pain, and agoraphobia. It is commonly used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, binge eating, and other anxiety disorders, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (eg fluoxetine [Prozac], sertraline [Zoloft], paroxetine [Paxil]) work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin , thereby increasing the availability of the synapse. Use of SSRIs cause some people to experience the unpleasant feeling of inner restlessness that manifests as an inability to stay still. This is called akathesia. It is commonly used to treat symptoms of atypical depression, Monamine oxidase inhibitors (eg, phenelzine [Nardil], tranylcypromine [Steam]) block the action of enzymes that break down serotonin and norepinephrine, thereby making them more accessible to the synapse.
the most popular drug used to treat bipolar, lithium is believed to work by reducing the postsynaptic responsivity to dopamine and norepinephrine. One of the most common side effect of lithium is a fine hand tremor.
The notion that schizophrenia is the result of overactivity of dopamine called dopamine hypothesis. Traditional antipsychotics (eg chlorpromazine, haloperidol) are useful in reducing positive symptoms of psychosis, and atypical antipsychotics (eg clozapine, risperidone) effectively relieve both positive and negative symptoms. One of the most serious side effects of traditional antipsychotics, Tardive dyskinesia is a condition characterized by repetitive, purposeless, futile movements, including lip smacking, grimacing, tightening their lips, and rapid eye blinking.
symptoms of tardive dyskinesia symptoms are usually temporary increase before the fall. Benzodiazepines (eg diazepam [Valium], alprazolam [Xanax], clonazepam [Klonopin]) are a group of drugs commonly prescribed to treat anxiety and panic disorders, addiction when improperly used, and work by enhancing the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that has an inhibitory effect on central nervous system. Barbiturates (eg, thiopental [Pentothal] amobarbital [Amytal]) is commonly used to treat anxiety and disturbing acts of impulse reticular activating system;. It is rarely prescribed anymore due to their addictiveness and effectiveness of safer benzodiazepines
is usually used to treat anxiety disorders, buspirone (BuSpar) is different from benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics in that it does not produce sedative, anticonvulsant or muscle relaxing effects, nor does it appear to be contagious. Persons who have symptoms of severe anxiety about public speaking may be prescribed beta-blockers (eg propranolol [Inderal]), which is good in treating the physical symptoms of anxiety and is traditionally used to treat hypertension, migraine, essential tremor, and cardiac arrhythmias. Often used to treat ADHD, methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a psychostimulant that reduces motor activity, reduced impulsivity and increased concentration and attention. Psychostimulants can lead to suppression of growth in young people, which many doctors recommend "drug holidays ".
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